{"id":3074,"date":"2025-02-09T09:23:40","date_gmt":"2025-02-09T09:23:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aciiran.com\/farsi\/?p=3074"},"modified":"2025-02-11T13:17:05","modified_gmt":"2025-02-11T13:17:05","slug":"hossein-raeesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aciiran.com\/farsi\/hossein-raeesi\/","title":{"rendered":"Hossein Raeesi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Biography (ENG)<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

ABSTRACT (fa)<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

ABSTRACT (en)<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062d\u0633\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u06cc\u0633\u06cc<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

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\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0622\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u201d \u0641\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u201cLesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender in Iran, Analysis from Religious, Social, Legal and Cultural Perspectives\u201d\u060c \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 LGLHRC\u060c \u0646\u06cc\u0648\u06cc\u0648\u0631\u06a9 (\u06f2\u06f0\u06f1\u06f5) \u0648 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641  \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0622\u0642\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0626\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0631 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<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Hossein Raeesi practiced law in Shiraz, Iran for 20 years and served as a two-term board member of the Fars Province Bar Association and was the founder and former head of the Human Rights Committee of the Far Province Bar Association for eight years. He is also the founder of Neday-e Edalat (The Voice of Justice) Legal Association in Shiraz. In his professional practice, Mr. Raeesi has defended as a pro bono attorney political prisoners, journalists, women and children who were sentenced to the death penalty. He saved many people from the death sentences. He trained hundreds\u2019 law apprentices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2012, Mr. Raeesi relocated to Canada to escape undue pressure from the Iranian Government. Since 2012, he has been collaborating with human rights organizations regarding various issues, including: Sharia law and human rights; the death penalty in Islamic legal systems; domestic violence; and global networks dedicated to protecting children. Amongst his publications are: two manuals on \u201cChildren\u2019s Rights\u201d and \u201cJustice for Children\u201d; \u201cLawyer in the Death Penalty Cases\u201d; a chapter “On the Death Penalty in Iran” in a book published by Ensemble contre la peine de mort \u2013 ECPM<\/strong><\/a>, France (2014); “Same-Sex in Revised Iranian Code of Criminal Procedure”, a chapter in a book on \u201cLesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender in Iran, Analysis from Religious, Social, Legal and Cultural Perspectives”, published by LGLHRC, New York (2015); and many articles on topics such as LGBT, Sharia law and apostasy. In addition, Mr. Raeesi participated in research projects at the State University of New York at Albany and at Northwestern University School of Law on issues of the death penalty around the world. In August 2015, he was selected by a joint committee of University of Ottawa and Carleton University to be their In-House Scholar and visiting professor for one- year. He is continuing as an adjunct professor and legal director of Improving International Juvenile Justice System\u2019s project at Law and Legal Studies Department at Carleton University. He has been teaching a class on human rights and Islamic legal system. He also has been running many international conferences on child rights in middle east such as Iraq, Iran and Armenia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2019-2020 he participated in the UN OHCHR program on the minor death penalty in Iran for nine months. Most recently, he is a counselor of the UN Fact Finding mission. He runs the Youth and Justice Lab at the Law and Legal Studies at Carleton University in Ottawa.<\/p>\n<\/div>

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

ABSTRACT<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

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[1]<\/a>. https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/press-releases\/2025\/01\/iran-rise-executions-deeply-troubling-un-human-rights-chief<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

“Populism in Criminal Law and the Death Penalty in the Legal and Judicial Structure of the Islamic Republic of Iran<\/strong>“<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the Islamic Republic, the death penalty has escalated from the early days of \u201cdeath to this and death that,\u201d along with the theology of “mahdour al-dam<\/em><\/strong>” (the justification for killing certain individuals), to the present day, where thousands of executions have been recorded over the past 46 years. In the past year alone, according to statistics obtained and announced by the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, at least 901 individuals, including women, men, and children, were executed. In 2023, at least 853 people were executed, with many more in line to be executed. This method of punishment has only been possible through the use of the theology of “mahdour al-dam,” which turns others into enemies and justifies their death. (This theology is based on populism and the irresponsibility of the government regarding the conditions of modern societal administration).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

With this same perspective, the legislative structure incorporated this thinking into the framework and language of criminal law, where some individuals have been employed to promote it, producing books, articles, theses, and organizing conferences on the subject. Moreover, within this structure, the judiciary, using the ideological system governing the selection of judges, employs the concept of the “enemy,” viewing criminals and government opponents as enemies. In this framework, by creating fear and hatred through the governing ideology, it strengthens its populist structure and influences the discourse of judges. Elements of modern criminal procedure, such as the presence of independent lawyers in proceedings, scientific crime detection, expert use, and the elimination of torture, degrading treatment, and public trials with jury participation, are removed and rendered ineffective. As a result, various criminal offenses subject to the death penalty are presented in the criminal laws.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A “mahdour al-dam<\/strong>” is someone whose killing is permitted by the governing system and the law. The justification for killing becomes widespread through the perception that these individuals are worthless, inhuman, or lack human dignity. This ideological dehumanization takes various forms. One day they are labeled as \u201cmohareb<\/strong><\/em>\u201d (enemy of God), the next day as \u201cbaghi<\/strong><\/em>\u201d (rebels), adulterers, sodomites, corrupt, \u201cmofsed fi al-arz<\/strong><\/em>\u201d (corruptors of the earth), apostates, enemies of God, or enemies of Islam and security. In some cases, the distinction is made, and a part of the responsibility for the killing is shifted onto the shoulders of the people. They can forgive or kill the perpetrators who are family members or children (retribution). As a result, revenge and the use of the death penalty, on a large scale, is increased through populist methods.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This study will examine two aspects: legislative or criminal policy and the judicial structure, both of which have worked together to increase and implement the death penalty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While populism in criminal law has developed worldwide, the author hopes that in the future, Iranian society will not fall into secular populism or any other form. This discussion is introduced with this in mind.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is necessary, therefore, to study the future structure of criminal justice in terms of its susceptibility to populist and ideological methods.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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