{"id":3241,"date":"2025-02-10T13:10:26","date_gmt":"2025-02-10T13:10:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aciiran.com\/farsi\/?p=3241"},"modified":"2025-02-10T23:56:15","modified_gmt":"2025-02-10T23:56:15","slug":"steve-crawshaw","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aciiran.com\/farsi\/steve-crawshaw\/","title":{"rendered":"Steve Crawshaw"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0648 \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0634\u0627\u0648<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#engbio\"><strong>Biography (EN)<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><a href=\"#ABSTRACT\">ABSTRACT (FA)<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#ENG\"><strong>ABSTARCT (EN)<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile is-vertically-aligned-top\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"788\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/aciiran.com\/farsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/steve-crawshaw-photo-788x1024.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3242 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aciiran.com\/farsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/steve-crawshaw-photo-788x1024.jpeg 788w, https:\/\/aciiran.com\/farsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/steve-crawshaw-photo-231x300.jpeg 231w, https:\/\/aciiran.com\/farsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/steve-crawshaw-photo-768x998.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/aciiran.com\/farsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/steve-crawshaw-photo.jpeg 864w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 788px) 100vw, 788px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0648 \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0634\u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebookseller.com\/rights\/crawshaws-visceral-account-of-the-fight-to-prosecute-war-criminals-goes-to-the-bridge-street-press\"><strong> <em>\u0645\u062d\u0627\u06a9\u0645\u0647 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646: \u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0645 \u062c\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u0648 \u0646\u0628\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a<\/em><\/strong><\/a> (\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0631\u0633\u060c 2025) \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0648 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 <em>\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0648\u06cc<\/em> (1992)\u060c <em>\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0622\u0633\u0627\u0646\u200c\u062a\u0631: \u0622\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u06cc\u06a9\u0645<\/em> (2004)\u060c <em>\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a<\/em> (\u0628\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u06a9\u0633\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0647\u0627\u0648\u0644\u060c 2010) \u0648 <em>\u0631\u0648\u062d \u062e\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc: \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0648 \u0634\u06cc\u0637\u0646\u062a<\/em> (\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u06cc \u0648\u06cc\u200c\u0648\u06cc\u060c 2017) \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 1986 \u062f\u0631 <em>\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u067e\u0646\u062f\u0646\u062a<\/em> \u0622\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u060c \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0631\u0648\u067e\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0631\u0642\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0631\u0648\u067e\u0627 \u0648 \u062c\u0646\u06af\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0631\u0626\u06cc\u0633 \u062f\u0641\u062a\u0631 \u0622\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0633\u0631\u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc. \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 2002\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0647 <em>\u0647\u06cc\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0686<\/em> \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u0648 \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u06cc\u0648\u06cc\u0648\u0631\u06a9 \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 2010\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0647 <em>\u0639\u0641\u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644<\/em> \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0641\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 2018\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0631 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.freedomfromtorture.org\/\"><strong><em>\u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0634\u06a9\u0646\u062c\u0647<\/em><\/strong><\/a> \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0628 \u0634\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0644 2022 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 2021\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0648 \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0634\u0627\u0648 \u0631\u0626\u06cc\u0633 \u0647\u06cc\u0626\u062a \u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627\u06cc <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/raid-uk.org\/\">RAID<\/a><\/strong> \u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0641\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0648 \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0634\u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0648 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0648\u06cc\u0686 \u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u060c \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u062c\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u06cc\u0648\u06af\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc\u060c \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u062a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u0631\u06cc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left\" id=\"engbio\"><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\">Steve Crawshaw is the author of <strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebookseller.com\/rights\/crawshaws-visceral-account-of-the-fight-to-prosecute-war-criminals-goes-to-the-bridge-street-press\">Prosecuting the Powerful: War Crimes and the Battle for Justice<\/a><\/em> <\/strong>(The Bridge Street Press, 2025). He has spent more than thirty years writing and working on human rights and justice issues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\">His previous books include <em>Goodbye to the USSR<\/em> (1992), <em>Easier Fatherland: Germany and the Twenty-First Century<\/em> (2004), <em>Small Acts of Resistance<\/em> (with John Jackson, foreword by V\u00e1clav Havel, 2010), and <em>Street Spirit: The Power of Protest and Mischief<\/em> (foreword by Ai Weiwei, 2017).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\">He began his career at <em>The Independent<\/em> in 1986, where he held various roles, including Russia and Eastern Europe Editor during the East European revolutions and Balkan wars, then Germany Bureau Chief and Chief Foreign Correspondent. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\">In 2002, he joined Human Rights Watch as UK Director and later became the UN Advocacy Director in New York. In 2010, he joined Amnesty International as International Advocacy Director and Director of the Office of the Secretary General. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\">In 2021, Steve Crawshaw became the Chair of Trustees at <a href=\"https:\/\/raid-uk.org\/\">RAID<\/a> and served as the Policy and Advocacy Director at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.freedomfromtorture.org\/\">Freedom from Torture<\/a> until 2022. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\">Throughout his career, Steve Crawshaw has written and advocated on international justice issues, including meetings with Slobodan Milosevic and other war criminals, as well as writing on the Yugoslavia and other ad hoc war crimes tribunals, universal jurisdiction, and the International Criminal Court.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left has-white-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-263c3cf59284b6e2e41366a475cc28fb\" id=\"ABSTRACT\">ABSTRACT<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0634 <strong>&#8220;\u0645\u062d\u0627\u06a9\u0645\u0647 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646: \u062c\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u0648 \u0646\u0628\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a<\/strong>&#8221; (\u0641\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f5)\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0648 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0644\/\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u0644\u0627\u0647\u0647 \u06af\u0630\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0635\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u06a9\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0647\u0648 \u0648 \u06cc\u0648\u0622\u0648 \u06af\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f4\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0644 \u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0639\u0648\u062a \u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u06cc \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u062e\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0627\u0644\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0633\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0622\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0686\u0627\u0644\u0634 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0631\u0698\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u2014 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ENG\"><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\">During the writing of his most recent book,&nbsp;<em>Prosecuting the Powerful: War Crimes and the Battle for Justice (<\/em>February 2025),he spent time in Ukraine, Israel\/Palestine and The Hague, and was invited to meet with ICC chief prosecutor Karim Khan a few days after the requested indictments of Benjamin Netanyahu and Yoav Gallant in 2024.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\">Steve\u2019s book pays tribute to those who have made justice possible against all odds. In his presentation, he will address the challenges and the opportunities, including the double standards which have seemed to bedevil international justice for many years but which are now themselves being challenged, by civil society and independent courts alike.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\">The fall of the Assad regime in Syria has opened up the possibilities of regional justice in unexpected ways \u2014 building on the courageous work of Syrian human rights defenders in recent years<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0648 \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0634\u0627\u0648 Biography (EN) ABSTRACT (FA) ABSTARCT (EN) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0648 \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0634\u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u06a9\u0645\u0647 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646: \u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0645 \u062c\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u0648 \u0646\u0628\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a (\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0631\u0633\u060c 2025) \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0648 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0648\u06cc (1992)\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0646 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3242,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[102,10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3241","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-102","category-conferences"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/aciiran.com\/farsi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3241","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/aciiran.com\/farsi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/aciiran.com\/farsi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aciiran.com\/farsi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aciiran.com\/farsi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3241"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/aciiran.com\/farsi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3241\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3291,"href":"https:\/\/aciiran.com\/farsi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3241\/revisions\/3291"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aciiran.com\/farsi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3242"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/aciiran.com\/farsi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3241"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aciiran.com\/farsi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3241"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aciiran.com\/farsi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3241"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}