{"id":3398,"date":"2025-02-11T13:35:42","date_gmt":"2025-02-11T13:35:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aciiran.com\/farsi\/?p=3398"},"modified":"2025-02-13T11:02:40","modified_gmt":"2025-02-13T11:02:40","slug":"nima-nasrolahi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aciiran.com\/farsi\/nima-nasrolahi\/","title":{"rendered":"Nima Nasrollahi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0647\u06cc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"#bioen\">Biography (EN)<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#FR\"><strong>Biography (FR)<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"#ABSTRACT\">ABSTRACT<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#ABSENG\"><strong>ABSTRACT (EN)<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"#ABSFR\">ABSTRACT (FR)<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile is-vertically-aligned-top\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"320\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/aciiran.com\/farsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Nima-Nasrolahi.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3400 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aciiran.com\/farsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Nima-Nasrolahi.jpg 320w, https:\/\/aciiran.com\/farsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Nima-Nasrolahi-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/aciiran.com\/farsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Nima-Nasrolahi-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 320px) 100vw, 320px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p>\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0647\u06cc \u0634\u0647\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0647\u06cc \u0634\u0647\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u062f\u0631 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\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u062c\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0633 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0648 \u062f\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0647\u06cc \u0634\u0647\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0631\u0698\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0633 \u062f\u0641\u062a\u0631 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627 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\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0622\u06a9\u0627\u062f\u0645\u06cc\u06a9 \u0648 \u062d\u0631\u0641\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc\u060c \u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0647\u06cc \u0634\u0647\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0646\u0631\u0698\u06cc \u0648 \u062d\u0644\u200c\u0648\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06a9 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u060c \u0634\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u060c \u0641\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f\u060c&nbsp; \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0633 \u06f1 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"bioen\"><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Nima Nasrollahi Shahri, PhD<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Nima Nasrollahi Shahri, PhD, is a Lecturer in Law at Sorbonne Law School, where he teaches courses at the Master&#8217;s and LLM levels in both English and French. His research and teaching focus on international business law, arbitration, and energy law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Before joining Sorbonne, he was an Assistant Professor of Law at the University of Science and Culture in Tehran, where he headed the Department of Oil and Gas Law and taught at the undergraduate, Master&#8217;s, and Doctoral levels. He also played a key role in developing the university&#8217;s specialized Master\u2019s program in petroleum law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Nasrollahi Shahri has significant practical experience in business and energy law. He was a partner at Elite Pars Law Firm, a Tehran-based firm specializing in international trade and energy law. Prior to that, he was a Senior Associate at Dentons&#8217; Tehran office, where he provided legal services to multinational corporations, particularly in the post-JCPOA era.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\">In addition to his academic and professional experience, Nasrollahi Shahri has extensively published on energy law and dispute resolution, contributing to leading journals and academic publications in these fields. He has studied law in Iran, the United Kingdom, and France, earning degrees from Allameh Tabataba\u2019i University, Shahid Behesti University, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, the University of Dundee, and the University of Paris 1 Panth\u00e9on-Sorbonne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"FR\"><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Nima Nasrollahi Shahri, docteur en droit<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Nima Nasrollahi Shahri est Charg\u00e9 d&#8217;enseignement en droit \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00c9cole de droit de la Sorbonne, o\u00f9 il enseigne des cours aux niveaux Master et LLM en anglais et en fran\u00e7ais. Ses recherches et son enseignement portent sur le droit des affaires international, l\u2019arbitrage et le droit de l\u2019\u00e9nergie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Avant de rejoindre la Sorbonne, il \u00e9tait Ma\u00eetre de conf\u00e9rences en droit \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 des Sciences et de la Culture \u00e0 T\u00e9h\u00e9ran, o\u00f9 il dirigeait le D\u00e9partement de droit du p\u00e9trole et du gaz et enseignait aux niveaux Licence, Master et Doctorat. Il a \u00e9galement jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le cl\u00e9 dans le d\u00e9veloppement du programme de Master sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 en droit p\u00e9trolier de l\u2019universit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Nasrollahi Shahri poss\u00e8de une exp\u00e9rience pratique significative en droit des affaires et en droit de l\u2019\u00e9nergie. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 associ\u00e9 au sein du cabinet Elite Pars Law Firm, un cabinet bas\u00e9 \u00e0 T\u00e9h\u00e9ran sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans le commerce international et le droit de l\u2019\u00e9nergie. Avant cela, il \u00e9tait Senior Associate au bureau de Dentons \u00e0 T\u00e9h\u00e9ran, o\u00f9 il a fourni des services juridiques \u00e0 des entreprises multinationales, en particulier durant l\u2019\u00e8re post-JCPOA. En plus de son exp\u00e9rience acad\u00e9mique et professionnelle, Nasrollahi Shahri a publi\u00e9 de nombreux travaux sur le droit de l\u2019\u00e9nergie et la r\u00e9solution des litiges, contribuant \u00e0 des revues et publications acad\u00e9miques de premier plan dans ces domaines. Il a \u00e9tudi\u00e9 le droit en Iran, au Royaume-Uni et en France, obtenant des dipl\u00f4mes de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 Allameh Tabataba\u2019i, de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 Shahid Beheshti, de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 Ferdowsi de Mashhad, de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Dundee et de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 Paris 1 Panth\u00e9on-Sorbonne.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left has-white-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-263c3cf59284b6e2e41366a475cc28fb\" id=\"ABSTRACT\">ABSTRACT<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0686\u06a9\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: \u063a\u0644\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u062f\u0631\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0646\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u067e\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0641\u062a \u0648 \u06af\u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u0621\u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0648 \u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0646\u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0686\u0627\u0644\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0647\u200c\u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0646\u0641\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f0\u06f6 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\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0645\u0648\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0698\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> \u0646\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0646\u0641\u062a\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u200c\u0628\u062e\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0645\u0648\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u06a9<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ABSENG\"><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Title: Overcoming the Resource Curse: Lessons for Post-Islamic Republic Iran<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\">The resource curse has long plagued nations rich in oil and gas, fostering economic mismanagement, political authoritarianism, and widespread corruption. Iran, despite its vast natural wealth, has struggled with these challenges, particularly in recent decades as access to oil revenues has been constrained by sanctions and internal mismanagement. This paper examines the First Law of Petropolitics, which posits an inverse relationship between oil prices and democratic freedoms, and explores its implications for Iran. While high oil revenues historically enabled the Iranian government to maintain authoritarian control, the recent decline in oil exports has not led to the expected political reforms. Instead, the government has intensified repression, exacerbating economic hardship and social unrest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Drawing on successful models from Norway, Canada, and Botswana, this paper outlines key economic and political reforms necessary to avoid the resource curse in a post-Islamic Republic Iran. Recommended strategies include the establishment of a sovereign wealth fund, economic diversification, decentralization of oil revenues, increased transparency, and democratic institution-building. The findings suggest that without substantial reforms, Iran risks continued instability and potential state collapse. Conversely, by implementing structured governance frameworks and reducing dependence on oil, Iran can transition toward sustainable development and democratic resilience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Keywords: <\/strong>Resource Curse, First Law of Petropolitics, Iran, Economic Diversification, Transparency, Democratic Governance<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ABSFR\"><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong><em>Titre : Surmonter la mal\u00e9diction des ressources : enseignements pour l\u2019Iran post-R\u00e9publique islamique<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><em>La mal\u00e9diction des ressources a longtemps frapp\u00e9 les nations riches en p\u00e9trole et en gaz, favorisant une mauvaise gestion \u00e9conomique, un autoritarisme politique et une corruption g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e. L\u2019Iran, malgr\u00e9 ses vastes richesses naturelles, a lutt\u00e9 contre ces d\u00e9fis, notamment ces derni\u00e8res d\u00e9cennies, en raison des sanctions et d\u2019une gestion interne inefficace qui ont limit\u00e9 l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux revenus p\u00e9troliers. Cet article examine la Premi\u00e8re loi de la p\u00e9tropolitique, qui postule une relation inverse entre les prix du p\u00e9trole et les libert\u00e9s d\u00e9mocratiques, et analyse ses implications pour l\u2019Iran. Alors que des revenus p\u00e9troliers \u00e9lev\u00e9s ont historiquement permis au gouvernement iranien de consolider son autoritarisme, la r\u00e9cente baisse des exportations de p\u00e9trole n\u2019a pas conduit aux r\u00e9formes politiques attendues. Au contraire, le gouvernement a intensifi\u00e9 la r\u00e9pression, aggravant les difficult\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques et les troubles sociaux.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><em>En s\u2019inspirant des mod\u00e8les r\u00e9ussis de la Norv\u00e8ge, du Canada et du Botswana, cet article propose des r\u00e9formes \u00e9conomiques et politiques cl\u00e9s pour \u00e9viter la mal\u00e9diction des ressources dans un Iran post-R\u00e9publique islamique. Parmi les strat\u00e9gies recommand\u00e9es figurent la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019un fonds souverain, la diversification \u00e9conomique, la d\u00e9centralisation des revenus p\u00e9troliers, l\u2019accroissement de la transparence et le renforcement des institutions d\u00e9mocratiques. Les r\u00e9sultats de cette \u00e9tude sugg\u00e8rent que sans r\u00e9formes substantielles, l\u2019Iran risque une instabilit\u00e9 prolong\u00e9e et un \u00e9ventuel effondrement de l\u2019\u00c9tat. \u00c0 l\u2019inverse, en mettant en place des cadres de gouvernance structur\u00e9s et en r\u00e9duisant sa d\u00e9pendance au p\u00e9trole, l\u2019Iran pourrait \u00e9voluer vers un d\u00e9veloppement durable et une r\u00e9silience d\u00e9mocratique.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Mots-cl\u00e9s<\/strong> : Mal\u00e9diction des ressources, Premi\u00e8re loi de la p\u00e9tropolitique, Iran, diversification \u00e9conomique, transparence, gouvernance d\u00e9mocratique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0647\u06cc Biography (EN) Biography (FR) ABSTRACT ABSTRACT (EN) ABSTRACT (FR) \u0646\u06cc\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0647\u06cc \u0634\u0647\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0646\u06cc\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0647\u06cc \u0634\u0647\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06a9\u062f\u0647 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0634\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u06cc \u062a\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u062d\u0648\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0698\u0648\u0647\u0634\u06cc \u0648 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0648 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0646\u0631\u0698\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. 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